Rationale: Stuttering, a complex disorder, can be progressive if it is not successfully treated by a speech-language pathologist (SLP) and dealt with properly in the classroom. All children who stutter require special considerations in the classroom to prevent stuttering from progressing, and so that they are afforded a comfortable learning environment. This is part of their IEP. Children who stutter should have the same expectations of them from a classroom participation standpoint. However, their special needs are to be met just as we would do for a visually or hearing-impaired child. The fact is that several things can happen in the classroom to negatively impact a child who stutters (i.e. improper listener reaction from teachers, too many communicative demands, and teasing). Some children who stutter develop avoidance behaviors through a fear of speaking aloud in class. This can lead to stuttering negatively impacting the learning experience and child’s comfort level in the classroom. Teachers are an integral part of the child’s success. The following are proven ideas to enhance the learning experience of a child who stutters and to reinforce more fluent speech and a feeling of success.
— Get down at the level of the pre-k child, model slow speech, and repeat back some of their content. Repeating back artfully inserts pauses in the child’s speech when she needs them.
— If reading aloud or another verbal turn taking exercise is planned, call on the child first to decrease anticipation. Consider how the speed or tempo of the exercise may impact fluency.
— Phrase questions to only require a yes/no answer or short phrase until ready for more complex answers. This allows the child to experience success speaking and at the same time have her knowledge tested.
— Where possible, call on her when her hand is raised. This usually indicates she is comfortable speaking at that moment. New speaking successes build future confidence.
— Be conscious of your facial expressions and nonverbal feedback when a child stutters. Do your best to maintain comfortable facial expressions and relaxed “body language” while the child is speaking to you. Unconditional listening is ideal. Modeling of slow, relaxed speech can be helpful.
— Refrain from advice such as “slow down,” “start over” or “take a breath.” This type of advice does more damage than good. This advice tells the child stuttering is not approved of and raises her self-consciousness about stuttering. It is particularly harmful when a child is corrected in front of her peers. Let her finish sentences or words instead of completing them.
— Be careful not to convey a sense of time pressure to the child. Rapid turn taking, attendance roll call, and interruptions also convey a sense of time pressure.
—Teasing cannot be permitted. Most children seek approval from their teacher and the teacher should enlist the students help with this matter. Punishing those who tease generally does not help. Sitting down the bully and the victim for a face-to-face after class can be helpful; teach sorry and forgiving.
— If the child has already developed stuttering severity that is obvious to her and her peers, it may be beneficial to educate the class about stuttering. Use caution to “frame” stuttering in a way that the child’s self-image is intact. Consult parents and the SLP if this is being considered. A general inservice about “differences” between people can be used as a metaphor before mentioning speech. We want to decrease teasing and persistent questions about the speech by peers.
— Get feedback from child, parent and speech pathologist, where involved, before assigning child to a play or other highly demanding speaking situation.
— If you expect a substitute teacher to fill in, please prepare them for the child’s special needs.
— Excusing a child from participating may develop secondary gains for stuttering- she may have less incentive to improve. Adults can enable the problem by excusing child from talking. One exception is: graded oral reading test that demands fast rate (i.e., DIBEL test) is not to be forced on child- refer to testing protocol and make accommodations for child who stutters.
Tim Mackesey, CCC-SLP 770-399-5455
1874 Independence Square Suite B
Dunwoody, GA 30338
Dunwoody is a north-central suburb of Atlanta; located just north of perimeter highway 285. The office is ½ mile outside 285 from the Chamblee Dunwoody Road exit. It is located at the intersection of Chamblee Dunwoody, Peeler, and Shallowford Roads. The clinic is in a professional office complex known as “Dunwoody Place North.” It is located in a group of brick, Georgetown-style buildings.
Our stuttering Atlanta specialist office is easily accessible for Atlanta, Sandy Springs, Marietta, Dunwoody, Alpharetta, Johns Creek, Buckhead, Roswell, Suwanee, Peachtree Corners, and other metro Atlanta suburbs.